Introduction to Chitin
Chitin is the second largest biopolymer in nature, second only to lignocellulose. It is an important component of many lower animal shells, such as shrimp shells containing about 15% to 30% and crab shells containing about 15% to 20%. It is also a component of the cell membrane of lower plant fungi, such as fungi, green algae, yeast, squid, etc.
Chitin, also known as chitin in English, has a molecular formula of (C16H26N2O10) n. It is a high molecular weight linear polymer of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose connected by β -1,4-glycosidic bonds. The chemical structure is shown in the following figure.
Chitin is the only positively charged natural high molecular weight polysaccharide in the world, which can adsorb harmful substances with negative charges.
Discovery of Chitin
Structure of chitin
The chemical structure of chitin is similar to that of natural cellulose, except that the - OH group at position 2 is replaced by - NHAc. Due to the strong hydrogen bonding between the - O-H ··· O and - N-H ··· O types in chitin molecules, there is an ordered structure between the molecules, which makes the crystallization dense and stable. Therefore, the reaction is generally more difficult and costly than cellulose.
Chitosan: Chitosan is obtained by deacetylating chitin under concentrated alkaline conditions. Chitosan has stronger reactivity than chitin due to the presence of free amino groups, and its molecular weight decreases during the degreasing process.
Extraction of chitin
Currently, chitin is mainly extracted from animals and plants rich in chitin in nature. The traditional craftsmanship process is shown in the following figure
In addition, the extraction methods of chitin include chemical methods, microbial fermentation methods, and enzymatic hydrolysis methods
Physical properties of chitin
Chitosan is a white or grayish white semi transparent sheet-like solid that is insoluble in water, ethanol, ether, salts, dilute acids, dilute bases, and general organic solvents. It is soluble in concentrated bases, concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated phosphoric acid, and anhydrous formic acid, but at the same time, the main chain undergoes degradation.
Crystalline structure: It appears in crystalline form in nature, namely α, β, and γ crystal forms. The chitin contained in the crab's shell is usually alpha chitin, and its molecular chains are antiparallel. In comparison, the chitin in soft shells such as squid is beta chitin, and the molecular chains are arranged in parallel in the same direction. The mixture of the above two types is called gamma chitin.
P solubility and hygroscopicity
β - chitin is a rigid crystalline structure that is insoluble in typical solvents, but β - chitin can completely dissolve in formic acid. Additionally, due to its easy swelling in various solvents, β - chitin has much higher reactivity than α - chitin in chemical modification.
Ø Good water absorption, β - chitin has better water absorption than α - chitin, and water-soluble chitin has the best moisture absorption and water retention.
P has the characteristics of non-toxic, harmless, edible, biocompatible, and biodegradable, while also possessing heat resistance, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects, as well as absorbing high-energy radiation.
Chemical properties of chitin
There are a large number of hydrogen bonds in the structure of chitin, including hydrogen bonds formed by O=O and N-H groups, hydrogen bonds formed between OH on C and epoxy, and intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed by C=O on each chain and OH on adjacent sugar rings.
ØWhen chitin and its derivatives are subjected to radiation or high-temperature solvent pyrolysis, small molecular weight esters and aromatic heterocyclic compounds such as pyrrole, furan, pyridine, etc. can be formed.
ØThere are mainly two types of chemical reactions: reactions related to sugar residue functional groups and reactions related to main chain degradation. The former mainly includes chemical reactions related to the hydroxyl and amino groups of sugar residues, such as alkalization, acylation, etherification, esterification, graft copolymerization, crosslinking, etc; The latter mainly includes various hydrolysis and degradation reactions.
Application of chitin
A copolymer of chitin and polyvinyl alcohol can be used to produce a plastic film with high gas barrier permeability, which can be biodegraded and disintegrated. The mechanical properties of this film can reach the strength of general plastic films.
Manufacturer of chitin
China is a major producer of chitin and has always maintained a leading global technological level. The main producers of chitin in China include Zhejiang Jinke Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Weifang Kehai Chitin Co., Ltd., Qingdao Jifa Group, etc.
Weifang Kehai Chitin Co., Ltd
Established in 1998, we are a professional manufacturer of chitin series products with modern laboratories that can test all physical and chemical indicators of chitosan. We can produce various specifications of chitosan 200T and 300T annually, making us one of the largest specialized manufacturers of chitosan and chitin in Shandong Province.
Link: Weifang Kehai Chitin Co., Ltd. _ Alibaba Wangpu (1688. com)
Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd
Item number: S1 165-100g Packaging: 100g Price: 70 Inventory: 10 Inventory location: Shanghai
Link: Chitin | 1398-61-4 | Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (shyuanye. com)
Molecular weight: 203.19
All products of our company are only used for non-medical purposes such as scientific research or industrial applications, and cannot be used for clinical diagnosis or treatment of humans or animals. They are not medicinal or edible.
Hubei Xinmingtai Chemical Co., Ltd
Chinese name: Chitin English name: Chitin
CAS number: 1398-61-4 Molecular formula: C6H11NO4X2
Molecular weight: 161.16 EINECS number: 222-311-2
Melting point>300 ℃ Storage conditions Room Temp
Usage: Pharmaceutical and Chemical. Minimum order quantity: 1kg. Price: undisclosed
Link: Chitin Gaide Chemical Network (guidechem. com)
Shanghai Lianmai Bioengineering Co., Ltd
Chitin BR (1398-61-4)
Price: 70/bottle White Pack: 25g
Average molecular weight 400000 per month Total nitrogen: 6.0~7.0%
Burning residue: ≤ 0.5% Shipping address: Songjiang District, Shanghai
Link: Chitin BR (1398-61-4) Brand: LMAI Bio China/USA/Germany/Japan - Guidchem. com
Shandong Pingju Biotechnology Co., Ltd
Price: Starting from 80 batches of 1kg, shipping address: Jining City, Shandong Province
product details
EINECS number: 215-744-3 alias: Crustacea English name: Chitin
Molecular Formula: C8H15NO6 Purity: 99% Main Nutrients: Chitin Manufacturer
Appearance: Powder, Crystal, Liquid Effective Substance Content: 99
Model: Food grade, Industrial grade CAS number: 1398-61-4
Main purpose: To enhance the nutritional content and improve the nutritional value of food, feed, and feed health products.
Link: Chitin, a food grade nutritional fortifier with high content and free samples. Brand: Chitin Manufacturer - Guidchem. com
Hubei Jusheng Technology Co., Ltd
High purity chitin
product details
CAS number: 1398-61-4 Content: 90%
Specification: Industrial grade Brand: JuSheng
Origin: Hubei Price: 20 yuan/kg
Color: white or yellow flakes Moisture: ≤ 10% Ash: ≤ 2%
Packaging: Each bag weighs 10kg and 20kg (20 mesh), packaged in a plastic woven bag lined with a plastic film bag
Link: High purity chitin Brand: JuSheng Hubei Specification: Industrial grade content 90% - Guidchem. com
Zhejiang Jinke Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
Unit price: 1400 yuan/kg
Product Information
Chinese name: High Purity Chitin Foreign name: High Purity Chitin
Chemical formula: (C8H13NO5) n Molecular weight: (203.19) n
CAS number: 1398-61-4 EINECS: 222-311-2
character
A white amorphous substance, odorless and tasteless, soluble in dimethylacetamide or concentrated acid containing 8% lithium chloride; Insoluble in water, dilute acid, alkali, ethanol or other organic solvents.
Application (for reference only)
1. In industry, it can be used for fabrics, clothing, dyes, paper, and water treatment.
2. It can be used as an insecticide and plant antiviral agent in agriculture.
3. Make fish feed in the fishing industry.
4. Cosmetics, beauty agents, hair protectors, moisturizers, etc.
5. Medical supplies can include contact lenses, artificial skin, sutures, artificial dialysis membranes, and artificial blood vessels.
Product quality indicators
Testing items | Specifications |
appearance | Slightly yellow flakes or powder |
Water content | ≤10.0% |
Ash content | ≤2.0% |
protein | ≤3.0% |
packing | Full paper drum packaging, 25Kg/drum; Or according to user requirements. |
Link: Chitin, Chitosan, Chitosan Powder, Industrial Processing, Deacetylated Non deacetylated Chitosan (1688. com)
Company official website: www.goldenshhell.com/ golden-shell@jinke-chitin.com